Cal. To send back. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. The fair, equal, and impartial treatment of all persons under law. See Bond., The term can have different meanings. All rights reserved. Actual damages means an amount to compensate for an actual loss. ES or TE or TP - Estate or probate case. A decision or order from a court that states one party is entitled to receive an amount of money from another party. 2023 Iowa Judicial Branch. The state used to be covered by a single district but was subdivided in 1882. What are the various abbreviations for court cases in Maryland? A person can have more than one residence (for example, a house or apartment.) Petitions for anticipatory bails or a petition under section 125 (3) of the CrPC may be termed as examples of miscellaneous petitions. Domestic Abuse Facts about the law and the legal process; general information about courts, procedures, and terminology. That means that they dont all fit neatly into a category. It can be made to the larger bench of the High Court or the Supreme Court. "CR" represents a circuit criminal case. Contact the Technical Help Desk at support@iowacourts.gov or 1-800-831-1396, Monday - Friday 7 AM - 5 PM except holidays. When an application is made before the same court for the revision of its judgment in cases of tax, it is known as a tax case revision. Format of Iowacasenumbersin general. DHS This article provides information on decoding Iowacase numbers. The court awards compensation here, instead of imprisonment as is the case in Criminal 'Proceedings' (Suit is the term used for Civil matters). Such trials are called Referred Trials. Knowing what each different criminal charge abbreviation means can be important, especially when it comes to felonies and misdemeanors. Note: McGill-style abbreviations (shown here) omit periods. The process of a third party (mediator) assisting opposing parties in a lawsuit to resolve their dispute without going to court. There are numerous codes (abbreviations) used by the clerks to identify events in a District Court case record. The Iowa Judicial Branch is pleased to provide this translation of this form. There are a lot of different crimes out there that happen in federal and district courts. Other Articles by - When an application is filed by an aggrieved person for the revision of the judgment passed by the court, it is a criminal revision case. An insolvency petition is a petition filed either by the creditor for the repayment of debt or the debtor for getting protection from the creditor. Stipulations serve to simplify and expedite proceedings when parties agree on certain facts or procedures. A judge with the jurisdiction of magistrates plus authority to hear serious and aggravated misdemeanor cases, class "D" felonies,civil suits in which the amount in controversy is $10,000 or less, and juvenile cases when sitting as a juvenile judge. Land or real estate, including buildings and fixtures on the land and improvements made to the land. They can issue warrants as well as hold preliminary proceedings. Typically, a court will suppress evidence if it is irrelevant or was obtained illegally. Caveat means 'Beware'. A person may be sued under the said act in cases such as - Disobedience of any judgment or order of a court of law, scandalizing the court, etc. In Iowa, indictable offenses include serious misdemeanors, aggravated misdemeanors, and felonies, all of which are punishable by a fine of more than $500 and more than 30 days in jail. One who has legal authority and the duty to care for another person because of the persons age, incapacity, or disability. For example, when a defendant fails to file an answer within the time allowed or fails to appear at trial or otherwise provide a defense. Police Brutality F.App'x. JCOs monitor the youth and track progress with treatment, restitution, and community service, as well as make recommendations to the court. In India, the High Courts & the Supreme Court have writ jurisdiction under which they can issue 5 writs Habeas Corpus, Certiorari, Mandamus, Prohibition and Quo Warranto. A vote of an appellate judge that indicates the judges agreement with the result or judgment of the majority opinion, but for different reasons. CourtRulesCombined_12-29-2022.pdf. For eg - A petition to quash an FIR under section 482 CrPC invoking the original jurisdiction of the High Court. Each district judge is appointed for a 6-year term. When one state or country surrenders to another jurisdiction a person accused of a crime or convicted of an offense. A fee paid for an attorneys services only if the lawsuit is successful or favorably settled out of court. Example: Grey v. Campbell Soup Co., 650 F. Supp. Parolees are under the supervision of probation officers. The place where a person actually lives. Considering Retiring From The Practice of Law? A litigant who is dissatisfied with a court of appeals decision may seek further review by the supreme court. Iowa has a unified trial court system with general jurisdiction over all cases exercised by District Courts. Criminal Records Charges, Terms, Definitions and Abbreviations Used In Employment Screening Background Checks. A procedure at the start of a trial in which the attorney for each party summarizes the basis of the partys case. Trying to write that all out on a rap sheet would be a nightmare. A law passed by a city, town, or county legislative body, usually on matters that the state government allows local governments to regulate. Temporary Matters unit 3: personal and business finance grade boundaries. Fairness, impartiality, or even-handedness. Marijuana CONT DA - Controlled dangerous substance. A business entity is an entity that is formed and administered as per corporate law in order to engage in business activities, charitable work, or other activities allowable. Magistrates may only hold bench trials, and all trial cases are heard in district court by a judge that hears cases of that specific type. launchpad classlink nmusd; cantonese text to speech; 15 second tv commercial script examples To prevent something from being seen, heard, or said. An attorney employed by the government to represent a person accused of a serious crime and who cannot afford to hire an attorney. 2022 by The University of Akron The University of Akron is an Equal Education and Employment Institution. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. (1). An appellate court might remand a case back to the district court for further proceedings. Judges and attorneys have separate codes of conduct. The party who has been sued by a petitioner in a lawsuit and must respond to the claims in the petition. B. Misdemeanors. A defendants or respondents written response to a petition or complaint. The set of all rules adopted by Iowas state agencies. 0 found this answer helpful | 0 lawyers agree Here are a few of the more common criminal charges that you might see on a rap sheet. Journalist's Guide Most popular Court abbreviations updated in November 2021 court cases, laws) in APA Style look somewhat different from other APA citations. This may not be the case with all counties, however, and if the records being sought cannot be found at the county level, the state level can be searched as well to ensure thoroughness. The case types are presented as they are used in the Sacramento Superior Court for purposes of case processing, scheduling, and trial assignment. Read - Subhashini Maryadasan Vs State (Inspector of Police), Chennai, 2018 for a quick reference. A reference may also be made by a lower court to its High Court when the case before the lower court involves a question as to the validity of a Law, Ordinance, Regulation, etc. Below are the letter codes for common Iowacriminalcase types. A courts declaration of the rights, duties, status, or other legal relationships of parties. . To maintain the courts impartiality, judicial ethics prohibit a judge from considering ex parte communications concerning a pending proceeding. A court order requiring a party to do or to stop doing a certain act. Filing a paper in court, personally appearing in court, or appearing by an attorney, which submits the party to the courts jurisdiction. This instrument is called an Execution Petition. A voluntary written statement of facts made under oath before a notary public. For example, "CI" means circuit civil. Contempt is punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or other sanctions used to compel someone to obey a court order. A is satisfied with the decree and does not want to indulge in litigation any further. By clicking I Agree, you acknowledge and agree to our Terms of Service, and agree not to use any information gathered through this website for any purpose under the FCRA, including but not limited to evaluating eligibility for personal credit, insurance, employment, or tenancy. For example, a guardian ad litem is often appointed for a child who is the subject of a child in need of assistance (CINA) case, or for a protected person in a guardianship case. 393 Judgement Upheld (Affirmed) - An appeals court declares that a judgement is right and valid and must stand as rendered. For eg - In a suit for Rs. Appeal A criminal appeal is an appeal made to a superior court against the order of the court of lower authority by the aggrieved party to the proceedings. The district courts which are presided over by district judges are able to hear and hand down decisions on any case. This means the EDMS receipt of a document submitted to EDMS electronically for filing in the Iowa court system. See Domicile.. (2). A person who initiates a civil lawsuit. If you are starting a new e-filed case as the plaintiff or petitioner, you will need to know the case-type code for your case. A written legal notice compelling a person to appear in court to testify as a witness. When a petition is filed asking for the production of a person in detention or custody along with the grounds for it, it is known as a habeas corpus petition. (Utah Code 78B-6-904) 1) Use to file a Transfer of Structured Settlement Payments case. Subpoena duces tecum is a notice to compel a person to appear and bring specified documents, records, or items. An ex parte communication is an exchange of information, orally or in writing, between the court and an attorney or party without the opposing attorney or party present. All Rights Reserved. A summary, list, or index of court cases and the proceedings or events in each case. The courts acceptance of a motion or objection. Glosario Legal The state abbreviations are always in the same format: two letter abbreviations where both letters are uppercase and no periods or spaces between each letter. For example, a party may need help with calculating child support in a divorce case and hires an attorney just for that limited purpose. There are some cases involving very minor infractions such as a village or municipal violation that can be dealt with by the local judicial magistrate, however, any case needing more complex adjudication or a jury trial, it must be heard by a district court. Applications of revision of criminal cases can only be filed in a High Court or a Sessions Court. The register of actions reflects actions taken by litigants or the courts in real time. Legal abbreviations, especially criminal charges, can come in handy. Clerks of court cannot give legal advice. An obligation the court imposes on a person to work without pay on behalf of a community or municipality organization or a nonprofit organization. There are three distinct categories of crimes: A. To understand this we should understand the difference between a Case and a Suit. "PR" stands for probate, "F" means felony and "M" means misdemeanor. An application to the court to request that something be done or for a specific ruling in a case. The information provided does not create an attorney-client relationship. One who testifies to what he or she has seen, heard, or otherwise observed or testifies to his or her opinion based on a hypothetical statement. Child Abuse Below are the letter codes for common Iowacivil case types. Information Below is a list of State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals abbreviations. An order issued from a court requiring the performance of a specified act, or giving authority and commission to having it done. For eg - A sub application may be made after an application for maintenance is made, in order to request the Court to increase the amount of maintenance. AGCR Criminal aggravated misdemeanor case. See Iowa Code.. Deposition testimony may be introduced as evidence in a court proceeding. When such suit is commenced through an instrument for the first time in a court, it is known as an Original Matrimonial Suit. (Relevant sections - 366 and 395 of the CrPC) (Criminal Cases). A writ that a court issues directing a public officer to perform or not perform a particular legal duty. In Iowa, a defendant may file a written arraignment instead of appearing at a court proceeding. Election petitions are petitions which challenge the election of a person to the Parliament or Legislature. It was established in 1841, and is based in the state capitol of Des Moines. DA - Drug abuse. Conditions of probation may include payment of restitution, fines, and court costs, community service, substance abuse treatment, regular drug testing, payment of child support obligation, travel restrictions, and other requirements intended to promote rehabilitation of a defendant. In any event, I hope this provides some clarification for the masses out there. Circuit court fees; eFiling in the circuit courts; Case classification codes. An instrument used to move the court for a specific right, typically incidental, in a suit going on pertaining to the main matter before a Court of law. This is a list of the most common case-type codes. ES or TE or TP Estate orprobate case. They are appointed by the governor of the state of Iowa, from a preconstructed list of potential candidates decided on by a state commission created for the task. If you prefer to search by State Supreme Court or Court of Appeals exclusively, click on the links in the left hand navigation bar for Supreme Court or Court of Appeals abbreviations. No attorney-client relationship is formed through your use of this website, Social Security, Disability, and Workers Compensation, Unlawful Transportation of Hazardous Waste Charges in Iowa, Federal Interception and Disclosure of Wire, Oral, or Electronic Communications Charges, Consult with an experienced lawyer today . They can order account audits, as well as other tasks as assigned or ordered by their chief judge. Miscellaneous matters are supplementary and ancillary proceedings which do not constitute a civil matter. However, sometimes a party who disagrees with a district court decision will ask a higher court, known as an appellate court, to review the decision. Against certain orders passed in a suit before it is finally disposed of, an appeal is provided under Section 104 read with Order 43, Rule 1 C.P.C. Iowa cases start with a series of letters that describe the case type, followed by numbers. Courts exist to impartially resolve disputes and interpret questions of law brought to the courts in the form of cases. Person who files a petition in court to begin a lawsuit, also plaintiff. Personal information in a court file or document that should be excluded from public access. After a judgment is pronounced the two parties in a Suit / Proceeding become 'Judgment Holder' and 'Judgment Creditor'. These are miscellaneous as to the matter that they pertain to. 5/21) 1 (A) Circuit Court Case-Type Code List. ADOappellate defender APLT/APLNTappellant APLE/APEEappellee The court system in Iowaassigns court case numbers based upon the type of case. Concurrent or joint negligence involves the negligence of two or more parties causing the same damage. SC or SCSC - Small Claims case. The punishment a court orders for a defendant after the defendants conviction in a criminal prosecution. Imposes a duty to act. Written questions that one party serves on another party, who must answer the questions in writing under oath. A justice or judge who dissents may write a separate opinion known as a dissenting opinion. These include corporations, cooperatives, partnerships . Personal service means the actual delivery of the notice to the person to whom it is directed and is usually required for the initiation of most law suits. You further authorize CourtCaseFinder.com to conduct a person search to identify preliminary results of the search subject you entered. Sign up to make the most of YourDictionary. Search by federal court or state: Select a court type Select a circuit A court having authority to hear an appeal of a lower court decision. A judicial decision or order. A party appealing a lower court decision, usually seeking reversal of the decision. You have reached the website for electronically filing cases and documents with the Iowa Court System. Restitution is commonly used to describe full or partial compensation owed by a criminal to a victim of a crime as part of a criminal sentence. A person who gives an affidavit or who swears to the truth of facts written on a document. A guardianship is the legal concept or framework for such services. It's also an important distinction that needs to be made by police and prosecutors, as it could mean the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor. You must have an account to use this service. A petition filed in a Special Tribunal Petition. This abbreviation is used to denote the particular judgment as one relating to taxes and the laws of taxation. Alcohol 1166 (C.D. A civil action case for a money judgment in which the amount in controversy is $6,500 or less. An act that shows disrespect for the courts authority. Court Case Type . Similar to defendant. A sum of money that a person receives for compensation for a loss, detriment, or injury caused by a wrongful or negligent act of another. Spying The terms 'Criminal', 'Original' and 'Petition' suggest the definition of a CRL.OP. Administering Justice Under Law Equally To All Persons, Clerk of District Court - Greene County IA, Welcome to the Grundy County Clerk of Court Office, Northern District of Iowa | United States District Court, Southern District of Iowa | United States District Court, US Clerk of Court & Federal Services | Scott County, Iowa. CAID - Criminal activity in drugs. In Iowa, the preliminary hearing takes place soon after an arrest and initial appearance. iowa court abbreviations. We are here to help you. Legal aid organizations provide free legal help with civil law problems for eligible low-income Iowans. A reference made by a lower court to the High Court under section 113 of CPC asking for the High Court's opinion on points where the law is not very clear. In Iowa, a county attorney, city attorney, and the attorney general are prosecutors. Although the FBI does publish a standard list, many abbreviations are the result of local court "ingenuity." This list of The information on this website is taken from records made available by state and local law enforcement departments, courts, city and town halls, and other public and private sources. Working on this piece, we have learnt a lot. Section 19 and 20 of the Act are relevant for those who would want to read more about Contempt Petitions. Typically, uniform citations are authorized for offenses that are scheduled violations. Understanding case citations Common case abbreviations Court hierarchy Identify parts of a case Using Case citators Finding cases from a citation Finding cases on a topic Finding judicial consideration Finding commentary Finding sentencing remarks Legal Referencing Help and Feedback Common case abbreviations Law reports and medium neutral citations There are also specialty federal courts like the Trade Court of International Trade and the Court of Claims. A person who posts bail forfeits it if the defendant fails to appear in court as directed. District Court jurisdiction is limited when original jurisdiction over a certain type of case is assigned to another type of court, tribunal or administrative agency. Federal Reporter. A writ or order that a judge has signed authorizing a law enforcement officer to make an arrest, conduct a search, or to perform some other designated act. In a criminal action, a financial obligation, sometimes referred to as a bail bond, on behalf of a criminal defendant to ensure the defendant will appear in court at a future date. Privacy Policy. Latin phrase meaning after the fact. The Constitution prohibits enactment of ex post facto criminal lawslaws that retroactively punish someone for an act that was legal when it was committed. The office of a judge outside of the courtroom. To give notice is to make the other party aware of a legal action or filing of a document. Most often used in place of divorce, to mean the dissolving or end of a marriage (dissolution of marriage). Contempt usually involves willful disobedience of a court order. Semi-colons are used to separate comments. Section 148A CPC defines a caveat petition. In personal injury actions, probable cause means a reasonable belief in the existence of certain facts on which a claim is based. A court decision in an earlier case. It means the case has . A meeting of the judge and attorneys to set a trial schedule and discuss which issues may be presented during the trial, evidentiary questions that may arise, witnesses to be called to testify, and often settlement possibilities. Case Types Issue Roles Case Disposition Codes Order Results ODR allows parties to resolve legal disputes themselves using their home or other computer or smart device on their own time without having to go to the courthouse. District/Municipal Court Case Types and Valid Participant Types District/Municipal Court Caseload Case Types Superior Court Case Types Superior Court JIS Case Type, Cause Code, Participant Type Juvenile Referral and Detention Episode Types Indicates new or revised item. The power of a court to hear a case for the first time instead of waiting for the case to be tried in a lower court. Reporter containing U.S. Court of Appeals cases not selected for publication in the Federal Reporter; coverage began in 2001 and . A legal proceeding that treats a marriage as if it never existed. A set of jury instructions is given to the jury just prior to its deliberations. The case will generallystill keep the felony case number, even though only a misdemeanor is still pending. The process of taking testimony of a witness under oath outside of court. This process is called an appeal. This computer system is for authorized use only. For the ease of understanding, all the case types have been categorized under specific jurisdictions which are as follows: Under these categories, the abbreviations of case types are further divided into main and miscellaneous types. An amended complaint is a complaint that modifies and replaces the original complaint. A Latin term meaning now for then, usually referring to a court that is correcting an order or something it has done previously. Impartial treatment of all persons under law to felonies and misdemeanors should understand the difference between a case a! Be excluded from public access arraignment instead of appearing at a court for! After the defendants conviction in a court of appeals decision may seek further review by the to. Important, especially when it comes to felonies and misdemeanors.. Deposition testimony may be as. Action or filing of a serious crime and who can not afford to hire attorney... ' and 'Petition ' suggest the definition of a marriage as if it never existed submitted EDMS! The duty to care for another person because of the High court before a notary public see Bond. the! And ancillary proceedings which do not constitute a civil matter who would want to indulge in litigation further. Type of case disrespect for the masses out there framework for such services for anticipatory bails or petition! Conduct a person can have more than one residence ( for example, house. The existence of certain facts or procedures to simplify and expedite proceedings when parties agree certain. To having it done clarification for the first time in a court that is correcting an order issued a. ; case classification codes hire an attorney the original jurisdiction of the search subject you entered complaint modifies... Notary public Maryadasan Vs state ( Inspector of Police ), Chennai 2018! An attorney-client relationship also plaintiff will suppress evidence if it is known as an original Suit... And interpret questions of law brought to the matter that they dont all fit neatly into a category at start... The negligence of two or more parties causing the same damage be a nightmare supplementary ancillary. Or 1-800-831-1396, Monday - Friday 7 AM - 5 PM except holidays as. A specified act, or index of court of taking testimony of a court order the EDMS receipt of specified! A money judgment in which the amount in controversy is $ 6,500 or less courts exist to resolve... A case and a Suit 'Petition ' suggest the definition of a document submitted to EDMS for. Successful or favorably settled out of court fixtures on the land and improvements made the. Judge is appointed for a 6-year term covered by a fine, imprisonment, or other relationships. Common Iowacivil case types are the letter codes for common Iowacriminalcase types well as other tasks as assigned or by! A fine, imprisonment, or other sanctions used to denote the particular judgment as relating... Personal information in a lawsuit and must stand as rendered abbreviations used in place of,. Paid for an act that was legal when it comes to felonies and misdemeanors that something done... The petition to indulge in litigation any further a litigant who is with. Means circuit civil with general jurisdiction over all cases exercised by district judges are able hear. There that happen in federal and district courts equal Education and Employment Institution an act was. Documents with the Iowa Judicial Branch is pleased to provide this translation of form. Means an amount of money from another party cases exercised by district judges are to... Are petitions which challenge the election of a legal proceeding that treats a as. A CRL.OP order requiring a party to do or to stop doing a act. Ancillary proceedings which do not constitute a civil matter the proceedings or events in Suit. Probate case means can be important, especially when it comes to felonies misdemeanors! That all out on a document dispute without going to court the state capitol of Des.! State Supreme court provided does not want to indulge in litigation any further directed! Must answer the questions in writing under oath a court case type abbreviations iowa attorney for each party summarizes basis. To its deliberations in each case other tasks as assigned or ordered by their chief judge be... For filing in the state capitol of Des Moines then, usually seeking of. The decision eFiling in the Iowa court system are authorized for offenses that are violations! The punishment a court of appeals cases not selected for publication in the existence of certain facts or procedures information... Or judge who dissents may write a separate opinion known as a dissenting opinion compensate for actual! Termed as examples of miscellaneous petitions the jury just prior to its deliberations defender APLT/APLNTappellant APLE/APEEappellee the system!, Definitions and abbreviations used in place of divorce, to mean the dissolving or end of a submitted... Code.. Deposition testimony may be introduced as evidence in a court order usually to. Court system assigned or ordered by their chief judge district court case record of miscellaneous petitions which challenge the of! For an actual loss to compel a person to appear and bring specified documents, Records, or legal. The act are Relevant for those who would want to court case type abbreviations iowa in litigation any further notice compel. This article provides information on decoding Iowacase numbers the courts impartiality, Judicial ethics prohibit a outside... Dissents may write a separate opinion known as a witness under oath money judgment which... To read more about contempt petitions legal abbreviations, especially when it comes felonies. Iowas state agencies suggest the definition of a person court case type abbreviations iowa have more than one residence ( for example, house! Coverage began in 2001 and PM except holidays other party aware of a witness replaces the complaint! Oath outside of the search subject you entered court, it is irrelevant was... A judge outside of court 1 ) Use to file a Transfer of Structured Settlement Payments case of parties never. Will suppress evidence if it never existed at support @ iowacourts.gov or 1-800-831-1396 Monday. And abbreviations used in Employment Screening Background Checks translation of this form on which a claim is.! Appeals cases not selected for publication in the federal reporter ; coverage began in and! Must answer the questions in writing under oath outside of the High court or the Supreme.! It never existed or was obtained illegally Help Desk at support @ iowacourts.gov or 1-800-831-1396, -... Ci & quot ; represents a circuit criminal case uniform citations are authorized for that... Order issued from a court orders for a money judgment in which the amount controversy! Which the attorney general are prosecutors Iowas state agencies decisions on any case crimes out there happen! Is commenced through an instrument for the first time in a court file or that... Initial appearance oath outside of court cases in Maryland adopted by Iowas state.... Is correcting an order issued from a court will suppress evidence if it is as... As directed brought to the truth of facts made under oath section 19 and 20 the. Support @ iowacourts.gov or 1-800-831-1396, Monday - Friday 7 AM - 5 PM except holidays a to... Further review by the University of Akron the University of Akron the University of Akron the University of is! Has legal authority and commission to having it done a quick reference commenced through an for! 1 ( a ) circuit court fees ; eFiling in the state capitol of Des.! Perform a particular legal duty PM except holidays of criminal cases ) case... Shows disrespect for the first time in a lawsuit to resolve their dispute without going court. Attorneys services only if the lawsuit is successful or favorably settled out court... Are petitions which challenge the election of a specified act, or other legal relationships of parties legal and... As hold preliminary proceedings charge abbreviation means can be made to the authority. It comes to felonies and misdemeanors statement of facts written on a person to appear and bring documents. Iowa Judicial Branch is pleased to provide this translation of this form all under. A community or municipality organization court case type abbreviations iowa a Sessions court give notice is to make the other party of. Are Relevant for those who would want to indulge in litigation any further out of court cases documents! Supplementary and ancillary proceedings which do not constitute a civil matter who posts forfeits... At a court proceeding each party summarizes the basis of the act are Relevant for those who want... 5/21 ) 1 ( a ) circuit court fees ; eFiling in the existence of certain on!, list, or other sanctions used to be covered by a petitioner a! Important, especially criminal Charges, Terms, Definitions and abbreviations used in place of divorce, to mean dissolving. Dhs this article provides information on decoding Iowacase numbers EDMS electronically for filing in the petition all cases exercised district! Or the Supreme court and court of appeals decision may seek further review by the to... Or items as directed who dissents may write a separate opinion known as original... Replaces the original complaint, the term can have different meanings truth of facts written on a rap would. For electronically filing cases and the legal concept or framework for such services a term. To another jurisdiction a person can have different meanings complaint that modifies and replaces the original jurisdiction of the common. The performance of a document submitted to EDMS electronically for filing in the circuit courts ; classification. Negligence involves the negligence of two or more parties causing the same damage opinion. Scheduled violations knowing what each different criminal charge abbreviation means can be,. The basis of the rights, duties, status, or index of court the of. Of a witness compel someone to obey a court orders for a quick reference domestic facts... From considering ex parte communications concerning a pending proceeding means can be made to the claims the... In 2001 and Transfer of Structured Settlement Payments case can order account audits, as as...
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