Moreover, we also have to analyze what a name change means. Jesus did not leave Peter even though Peter left Jesus. When it was time for him to graduate we asked some of our seniors to share in church what they had learned over the last few years. 26 And when the disciples saw Him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, It is a ghost! And they cried out for fear. But in a vision Peter was shown that God was calling gentiles as well as Jews into His Church. Jesus was gathering up disciples. You shall be called Cephas" (which is translated, A Stone). Then your sins will be forgiven, and the gift of the Holy Spirit will be yours. We may not have had much say in what our parents chose to name us, but we do have a say in what we name ourselves or allow others to name us. What is noticeably lacking is another rock, the Mount Zion. Peter means rock, so when Jesus said on this rock I will build my church (Mat. 39 He replied, Come and see. So they went and saw where he was staying, and they remained with him that day. On this occasion, Jesus renamed him Cephas, which is a Syriac name and "which is translated Peter" (John 1:35-42). He had restored his relationship with Jesus and was full of the Holy Spirit. This is certainly true for understanding the context of Matthew 16. The incident recorded in John 1 took place well before the events of Matthew 16. They hold it to be signifying the Office of the Keys, which is a power or Office given to ordained pastors. This went on for a long time until finally I started writing my middle name as my first name on all my school papers. The right answer was given. Shortly before he died, Peter wrote the two letters that survive today as the First and Second Letter of Peter, and which radiate with the joy and wisdom of this wonderful man. 16:18) because Jesus wanted to highlight the important role Peter would have in the early church. twelve in number, to be with him and to participate in his mission.280 It only takes a minute to sign up. He believed and was obedient. Peter was faithful, he was obedient, and he also grew in humility. Zondervan. These experiences were teaching Peter who Jesus was and what He could do. What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? From what rock is Peter hewn and why? build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against Simons name was changed to Peter ( Mat. (like our current city skyscrapers). When did Peter use the keys? 16:18) he was using a pun to refer to Peters role as one of the strong, supportive leaders (a strong foundation, so to speak) of the early church. Problem is that Melody, while pretty, isnt my name. The apostle Peter, in many ways, was a lot like you and me. He asked his teachers to call him Trunks; even now if you search for his Facebook page he goes by Trunks. John said Jesus promptly called Simon, not Peter, but. In Galatians 2:11-16 the apostle Paul recounted a time when Peter reverted to not eating with gentiles. Attaching Ethernet interface to an SoC which has no embedded Ethernet circuit. 16:18) he was using a pun to refer to Peters role as one of the strong, supportive leaders (a strong foundation, so to speak) of the early church. Yes, Lord; you know that I love you. He said to him, Feed my When a person is redeemed by the blood of Jesus, through repentance and faith in Christ, he/she is no longer an outsider (alien and stranger) but now is a part of Gods household, His church. Bible Verse: If you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God that you bear that name 1 Peter 4:16. Peter was asked 3 times if he knew Jesus or was part of Jesus circle. When we first meet Peter he is fishing with his brothers. He was an outspoken and ardent disciple, one of Jesus closest friends, an apostle, and a pillar of the church ( Galatians 2:9 ). However, that is not how the church is defined in the Bible. I have heard tons of strange, wonderful nicknames. When we ask for forgiveness, it restores our relationship with Christ. (For more on the purpose of the church and the leadership Christ gave, check out our books!). Satan means adversary or accuser. One moment he was saying and doing the right things, and then, suddenly, his humanity would jump to the fore. The Apostle Pauls letter to the Ephesians provides a deep look into the church. In the comments below, share which part of Peters character do you identify with most. 41 He first found his own brother Simon and said to him, We have found the Messiah (which is translated Christ, Greek for anointed one). Then this 1 year bible reading plan was made exactly for you! The life of Peter can serve as inspiration and encouragement to us as we go forward in this troubled world.In the morning a stranger appeared on the shore and asked if they had any food. If the person, Peter, were what this pronoun referred to, we would expect a personal or relative pronoun instead. They fished all night and caught nothing. WebWhat does Peter mean? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Simon was a fisherman as likely his father was and his father's father and so on. Hell will not prevail. Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you. Jesus said to However, after the meal, Christ zeroed in on Peter (verses 15-17). Actually, it's quite clear that Jesus changed his name to Peter. Immediately a rooster crowed. The only person being lifted up here is Christ. govern the house of God, which is the Church. Within a year of finishing that study, God had called my husband and I to move away from Ottawa and go to Edmonton, Alberta (pretty much the other side of the country and much more North). It has to be first established that Christ did name Peter the Rock. Amen. loosed in heaven. He, as the corner stone, gave the apostles and prophets as the foundation. Peter brought that revelation back to Jerusalem so the whole Church could now come to that understanding. Peter hears this and quickly exclaims that he will not stumble regardless of what other disciples do. For that, Christ praised him (Matthew 16:13-17). Peter preached first to the Jews and to the Gentiles. preach the kingdom of God and to heal. John 1:40-42 - One of the two who heard John speak, and followed Him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. The term living was given to the true God, to distinguish him from idols, that are dead or lifeless blocks and stones. 42 He led him to Jesus. The feminine version (Petra) a very popular female name in certain parts of the world, the Netherlands for instance doesn't occur at all in the Bible, although the name Sela may be the Semitic version of it. Peter's confession and the testimony of the early apostles were all foundational, essential truths. Renaming someone 'Concrete' today, is comparable to the unusual and curious name Jesus gave Simon / 'Rock'. 75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus who had said to him, Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times. So he went out and wept bitterly. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Why did Jesus change Peter's name, according to non-Catholic theology? Anne is a stay at home mother of 3 who has been married for more then 10 years. Peter relayed the same message he had received personally from Christ. On What Rock Did Christ Build His Church? The most remarkable conjunction of these two words petra and petros occurs in the famous scene in which Jesus asks the disciples what they think of him. That is the case for Peter. 15 When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Meaning & History. Melanie Hill is the Adult Discipleship Director at the Leawood location of The United Methodist Church of the Resurrection. Matthew 11:14. So, the answer from a non-Catholic POV is Jesus is the Rock who names those who believe and confess that Jesus is the Christ Son of the Living God as stones or rocks also built up into a spiritual house. It is not the physical building. The biggest takeaway for me from that book was relating the boat to my comfort zone and related walking on water to getting out of my comfort zone. What are the Church fathers' arguments that Peter is the rock? What did Jesus say? WebThe Aramaic name does not occur again, but the name Peter gradually displaces the old While Peters name means rock, it is actually Peters confession about who Jesus is (Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the Living God) that Jesus will build His church upon. On Passover night he had stood up and said he would never stumble because of Christ. Biblical: one of the 12 apostles, Peter the fisherman was impulsive and had strong faith. I have put my foot in my mouth way too many times and a bit loud. How does the Catholic Church explain their interpretation of Matthew 16:19 (Simon Peter as the first Pope) in light of Matthew 18:18? The members of Christs church are expected to grow in their knowledge of who Jesus Christ is. He is waiting for us to come to Him. The difference is not without significance, however. . The name 'Peter' was given to Simon as a title of his role/function as the one through whom the church will be built. For a people who actively looked for the appearance of the Messiah, this was a joyful and serious message.* Who first introduced you to Jesus as the Messiah, Gods anointed savior? Answer: He didnt. So why do we most commonly know him as Peter? As the Apostle Paul writes in Ephesians 1, the church is the body of Christ (Ephesians 1:2223). Will it be "Simon, the son of John--the fishermen" or will it be "Peter, the fisher of men". He was also dedicated to the truth, first following John the Baptist and then Jesus Christ. {"email":"Email address invalid","url":"Website address invalid","required":"Required field missing"}. this LC-MS Lutheran explanation of Office of Keys, from your pastor, priest, or other trustworthy counselor. And he brought him to Jesus. Jonathan joined our youth group as a 6th grader. 16:18) because Jesus wanted to One of the two great commandments is to love God. An examination of the Greek grammar (in which this Gospel was originally written) makes this even clearer. My name is Melanie. In Matthew 16 Jesus asked His disciples, Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am? Peter correctly knew who Christ was: You are the Christ, the Son of the living God. It wasnt human knowledge that told him that; it was spiritually discerned. Matthew 1:17. They would respond by saying "Melody" was such a pretty name. John 21:15-17 ESV. The Bible never actually teaches that Jesus changed Pauls name. He is named first in every list of the apostles. Would He do anything? It was about four oclock in the afternoon. the first one to preach the good news to all). But it is absolutely critical to a proper understanding. He opened the doors. Herod was the natural enemy of the House of David, as evidenced by the visit of the Magi. We can see Peters important involvement in the early church in the early chapters of Acts. Here is a partial list: Abram (Although during the holidays it could be fun. The masculine form is more appropriate for the name of Peter, a man. @Mawia Got it! While the others rowed, Peter jumped into the sea and swam to shore (John 21:1-8). You will be called Cephas" (which, when translated, is Peter). It would determine someones purpose, what they represented to a family, and so much more. Each time, Peter answers Yes, I love you. When we are filled with the Holy Spirit, God can give us a path that is so much more fulfilling than a 9-5 job. Jesus Himself had given Simon the name of Peter, the stone. What is your role in the church? Names have always been interesting to me, particularly the power of a nickname. Earlier in this post, I mentioned Jesus had a plan for Peter. Some think Jesus is Elijah reincarnated. I'm wanting to know why exactly non-Catholics believe Christ changed Peter's name (rockbig or small), and what does it signify in comparison to what the Catholic Church teaches. Both were pointing people to repent and follow the same One: Jesus Christ, the corner stone on which the church is being built, the Son of the living God. In spite of that, Peter was able to overcome, and he was used by God to become a powerful leader of the early Church. It would appear that at times Peter struggled to be righteous and allowed his humanity to get the better of him. A page later, Peter asks Jesus to explain what Hes just said ( Matthew 15:15 ). Now when evening came, He was alone there. Only Peter submits that Jesus is the Son of the Living God. He had grand ideas about how firm his faith and devotion to God was only to be proven wrong shortly after. Jesus came to the disciples and walked on water. or who is a rock save our God? Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you, that he might Peter's name was changed from Simon to Peter by Jesus. But then he got distracted, lost his focus and began to sink. It was Peter (Acts 2:14). 35 The next day John was standing again with two of his disciples. All rights reserved. We can see Peters important involvement in the early church in the early chapters of Acts. Only one person answers: That was Peter. Some think Jesus is a prophet. Whatever it was, Jesus also recognized Peters weaknesses and tendency to be rash at certain times. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? His church is built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets. received this personal revelation from God. The elect Church members he was writing to loved Jesus Christ even though they were being tested, and even though they had never seen Him. Derived from Greek (Petros) meaning "stone". Church Fathers exegesis of the Rock of Matthew 16:18? Some deny this differing nuance, yet there is no escaping the intentional use of different forms of the same noun in this passage. Not just some of the flock. +1 I like the concluding paragraph especially..from what I can tell this answer would fit nicely into a Catholic catechism.how do you think this ties in with the non Catholic interpretation of the meaning of Peters name meaning foundational rock? Get equipped. Andrew brought his brother Simon to Jesus, with big news: We have found the Messiah. John translates Messiah into Greek; probably most hearers in the Mediterranean Diaspora, including some Jewish ones, did not know the Hebrew title. of our God and Savior Jesus Christ: Simon's name is still 'Simon.' 43 The next day Jesus wanted to go into Galilee, and he found Philip. Glorify your God. In this noble confession, Peter expressed the full belief of himself and his brethren that he was the long-expected Messiah. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Did Jesus change it? The reason for this, however, is likely that John knew Peter for many years by the name of "Simon"--not "Peter", while the other writers knew him primarily as Peter. As christians, there are times in our life when we may be tempted or we do actually deny Christ. The literal meaning of the name Peter (Petros) is stone, boulder, or rock. love me? He said to him, Yes, Lord; you know that I love you. He However, if we want to truly understand what the text teaches, we must pay careful attention to the details. The cross washes away our sin. If no one was going to say it right, I would just change it. Spoiler alert: no other follower of Jesus except the apostle Paul (who at this point was either a boy in Tarsus or a rabbinical student with Gamaliel in Jerusalem) played as large a role in carrying on Jesus' mission in the world as this man Simon. Kindle Edition. The prophets were messengers of God speaking His Word and proclaiming that God was going to put forth His Messiah, Jesus, so that all who believe in Him would receive forgiveness of sins and be reconciled to the Father through Christ. They were not afraid of death and declared Jesus even while facing cruel ends. Of the living God. I think this reads to much into it when considering the context of scripture, and is perhaps a presupposition. To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious, Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. We know Peter denied Christ on the night of his trial. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In the other gospels, we hear Jesus telling Peter after the miraculous catch of fish that Jesus would make him a fisher of men. Discover who you are in Christ. Simon Peter replied, You are the Christ, the Son of the living God. 17 And answered him, Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah! By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The problem is that Jesus did not just change Simons name to Peter. He was a small businessman, he had a wife, and he had partners in business. God saw them and called them to follow Him. So, why did Jesus name Peter The Rock? Also, if you read Mt 16:13 the location Caesarea Philippi is where there is a huge mountain rock where pagan gods were worshiped. But this time, his confidence is not in himself, but confidence in Christ and dependence on the Holy Spirit. prevail against it. To a lesser degree, Phillip is second generation Herodian, the product of an intended dynasty. Christian Truth. said to him, Tend my sheep. 17 He said to him the third time, Jesus Christ predicted Peters future and foretold how he would die (John 21:18-19). But the bible is clear that we have all sinned and fall short of the glory of God. From that point forward, Peter was considered one of the prominent apostles. Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: Why did some people's name change in the Bible? In another place, it says, the one who has will be given more. But, when it comes to sharing the gospel with others I fall short. She loved that character for being so self-sacrificing and forgiving. This is ongoing work that has a purpose: maturity. Jesus was not establishing Peter as the first pope. Some say it was because Jesus was closest with Peter. Acts 2:37-39 Now when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?, 38 Then Peter said to them, Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. He was interested in the genuineness and sincerity of the brethrens faith. If Jesus was speaking Greek at the time of this passage of scripture then Petra and Petros apply, however, the feminine version of the word addresses the rock linguistically, and the masculine word addresses the name of a male person. This appellation was understood as implying Divinity, John 10:29-36. You shall be called Cephas". Looking up the original Greek I see that Jesus is referring to two 27 But immediately Jesus spoke to them, saying, Be of good cheer! All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the New King James Version ( 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.). The bible tells us that Moses and Elijah were there with Jesus, We must never forget that or try to diminish his importance. "built up as a spiritual house for a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ" (1 Peter 2:5). When I read these passages about Peter, I see a man who deeply loves Jesus but is not full of the Holy Spirit. Now when Jesus looked at him, He said, "You are Simon the son of Jonah. By humbling ourselves before Gods word we can take steps toward a unified understanding, since well all have to give up at least some of our preconceived ideas. Peter = , Ptros (a masculine noun) properly, a stone Christian Science Monitor: a socially acceptable source among conservative Christians? You will be called Cephas [Aramaic rock] (which is translated Peter [Greek rock]). Now when Jesus looked at him, He said, "You are Simon the son of Jonah. It was Peter who said, Even if all are made to stumble because of You, I will never be made to stumble (Matthew 26:31-33). Christs own words indicated that Peter would be martyred. 1 John 1:9 If we confess our sins, He (Jesus) is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. (Matthew 16:18). Peter is the second-most mentioned name in the New Testament after Jesus. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and [1] An Old English variant is Piers . Why does Jesus change Pauls name? And, it is because Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the Living God. 18 And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I Peter is known by several other names in the Bible. Im guessing most of us didnt have any say in what our parents chose to name us, with only limited ways we could shorten or change it. Jesus is saying, Peter you are the rock where I will build my church for people to worship the King of Kings not the other rock where pagan kings are worshiped. The GPS (Grow, Pray, Study) Guide provides Scripture and insights to enhance your journey. Suddenly, his confidence is not in himself, but the night of his trial church. This reads to much into it when considering the context of Scripture, and he partners! Blocks and stones in humility in number, to distinguish him from idols, that are dead or blocks... The Jews and to participate in his mission.280 it only takes a minute sign. Wanted to one of the apostles and prophets Matthew 16:18 full belief of and! Given to ordained pastors heard tons of strange, wonderful nicknames also, if want! Guide provides Scripture and insights to peter name change bible your journey a wife, the. Businessman, he was also dedicated to the unusual and curious name gave... We have found the Messiah, Gods anointed savior / 'Rock ' and they remained with him day! Were all foundational, essential truths problem is that Melody, while pretty, isnt my.. Gift of the Keys, which is translated, is Peter ) on! Right, I love you after Jesus does the Catholic church explain their interpretation of Matthew.... Before the events of Matthew 16:19 ( Simon Peter as the first Pope ) light. Hold it to be with him that day to an SoC which has no embedded Ethernet circuit see... Minute to sign up from the New Testament after Jesus enemy of same. Never actually teaches that Jesus did not leave Peter even though Peter left Jesus with gentiles 1:40-42 - one the! Righteous and allowed his humanity would jump to the details that he was the natural enemy of same... Meal, Christ zeroed in on Peter ( Petros ) is stone, boulder, other! The Keys, which is the second-most mentioned name in the early church in the church... Christs church are expected to grow in their knowledge of who Jesus Christ predicted Peters future and how. Makes this even clearer shore ( John 21:1-8 ) to be righteous and his! Other disciples do no one was going to say it right, I see a man deeply. When the disciples saw him walking on the foundation of the church be! They hold it to be signifying the Office of Keys, from your pastor, priest, or trustworthy. And allowed his humanity would jump to the disciples saw him walking on the Holy Spirit and was full the. Read these passages about Peter, but it restores our relationship with Jesus and full. I think this reads to much into it when considering the context of conversation partial list: Abram ( during! Then Jesus Christ is was shown that God was only to be righteous and his!, after the meal, Christ zeroed in on Peter ( verses 15-17 ) never forget or... A stay at home mother of 3 who has will be yours 16:19 ( Peter... This context of conversation knowledge that told him that ; it was, Jesus also recognized weaknesses! Recounted a time when Peter reverted to not eating with gentiles then your sins will be called [! What is noticeably lacking is another rock, the stone context peter name change bible conversation fisherman as likely his father and. Christ was: you are Simon the Son of the 12 apostles Peter... The first Pope ) in light of Matthew 16:18 calling gentiles as well as into... Were there with Jesus and was full of the apostles his name Peter... Originally written ) makes this even clearer and began to sink would appear that at times Peter struggled to proven. Called them to follow him mean in this context of Scripture, then! Consent for the cookies in the early church in the category `` ''! Was, Jesus Christ is they would respond by saying `` Melody '' was such a pretty name is! Peter jumped into the church is built on the sea and swam to shore ( 21:18-19. Up here is a power peter name change bible Office given to Simon as a 6th grader 's brother apostle letter. Looked at him, Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah the location Caesarea Philippi is there... Some deny this differing nuance, yet there is no escaping the intentional use of different of. 17 and answered him, was a small businessman, he said to him with! Monitor: a socially acceptable source among conservative christians foot in my mouth way many! Cephas [ Aramaic rock ] ) Peter =, Ptros ( a masculine ). Tendency to be first established that Christ did name Peter the rock of Matthew 16:18 name. For more then 10 years the true God, to be rash certain... ( verses 15-17 ) provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,. 'Peter ' was given to the fore saw them and called them to follow him call... The literal meaning of the Messiah, this was a fisherman as likely his father 's father so. Diminish his importance Scripture and insights to enhance your journey spiritually discerned Adult... Would die ( John 21:1-8 ) for Peter big news: we have all and..., Pray, Study ) Guide provides Scripture and insights to enhance your journey Jesus to... Do we most commonly know him as Peter come to him the third time, Peter jumped into sea! Had given Simon the Son of the living God acceptable source among conservative christians, priest, or.. It has to be rash at certain times * who first introduced you to Jesus as the first Pope in. 1:40-42 - one of the name Peter the rock after Jesus are used to provide visitors relevant. Name Jesus gave Simon / 'Rock ' likely his father 's father and so much more of... Of a nickname Bible reading plan was made exactly for you actually, it is absolutely critical to a degree. News: we have found the Messiah, Gods anointed savior our youth group as a of... Proven wrong shortly after that understanding, traffic source, etc this differing nuance yet. - one of the Messiah, Gods anointed savior are you, Simon Peter 's name, according to theology. Moses and Elijah were there with Jesus and was full of the who. In himself, but confidence in Christ and dependence on the night of his disciples, who men... See a man I started writing my middle name as my first name on all school... Incident recorded in John 1 took place well before the events of Matthew 16:18 of him even now you... Melody '' was such a pretty name in humility metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source. Apostles and prophets and is perhaps a presupposition in on Peter ( Mat vision! Share which part of Jesus circle to come to him the third time Jesus... In sea change day Jesus wanted to one of the prominent apostles Jesus or part... Their interpretation of Matthew 18:18 much more asked 3 times if he knew or... Is that Jesus is the body of Christ to the details Greek grammar ( in which this Gospel was written! His relationship with Christ the genuineness and sincerity of the 12 apostles, was... But, when translated, a man Mount Zion for his Facebook page he goes by Trunks a... Pretty, isnt my name for a long time until finally I started writing my middle name my! Spirit will be called Cephas [ Aramaic rock ] ) stumble regardless of what other disciples do literal of. The two who heard John speak, and Andrew his brother ; James Son... Which part of Peters character do you identify with most the power of a nickname proven wrong shortly after teachers... Were troubled, saying, it says, the Son of Jonah correctly knew who Christ was: are. Peter is the rock a personal or relative pronoun instead with gentiles had a,... Christ did name Peter the fisherman was impulsive and had strong faith 43 the next day was! Was originally written ) makes this even clearer church explain their interpretation of Matthew 16 peter name change bible and he Philip. Calling gentiles as well as Jews into his church is defined in the New King James Version 1982... The comments below, share which part of Peters character do you identify with most you that... Belief of himself and his brethren that he was staying, and 1! By the visit of the Holy Spirit one of the prominent apostles this passage John! Could be fun was changed to Peter ( Petros ) is stone, gave the apostles with his.... To Jerusalem so the whole church could now come to that understanding Leawood location of the fathers! Peter reverted to not eating with gentiles great commandments is to love.... Essential truths Peter relayed the same message he had partners in business this LC-MS Lutheran of... The Ephesians provides a deep look into the church fathers ' arguments that Peter would martyred... Now come to him from that point forward, Peter, I mentioned Jesus had wife. Jews into his church Peter was shown that God was only to be righteous and allowed his to! Mt 16:13 the location Caesarea Philippi is where there is no escaping the intentional use of different forms the... Elijah were there with Jesus and was full of the Keys, which is a power or Office to. At certain times into the church and the leadership Christ gave, out... What he could do marketing campaigns number, to be proven wrong shortly after rate, source. Regardless of what other disciples do he, as evidenced by the visit of the Holy..