The investigation continued as of August 30. The reforms call for the creation of independent labor courts to replace the Conciliation and Arbitration Boards (CABs) that favored corporatist unions in the resolution of disputes and facilitated the registration of protection contracts. Office of the U.S. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. As of December 2020 the Prosecutor Generals Office reported a total of 2,041 federal investigations underway into disappearances involving approximately 3,400 persons. Sanchez was a reporter for Facebook-based Panorama Pacifico and was in the protection mechanism after suffering an attempt on his life in July 2020. Independent Monitoring: The government permitted independent monitoring of prison conditions by the International Committee of the Red Cross, CNDH, and state human rights commissions. From 2013 through . As in 2020, NGOs in Campeche and Yucatan submitted multiple civil injunctions against the project citing a lack of transparency regarding environmental impact assessments and adverse effects on indigenous cultural heritage. In March 2020 a federal judge issued an arrest warrant for Zeron on charges related to his conduct of the investigation, including torturing alleged perpetrators to force confessions, conducting forced disappearances, altering the crime scene, manipulating evidence, and failing to perform his duties. As of August there were no developments in the case regarding the abduction and killing of seven-year-old Fatima Aldrighetti Anton. The constitution prohibits discrimination based on ethnicity, and a federal law prohibits all forms of discrimination. There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events. The government continued its efforts to strengthen freedom of association protections, promote union democracy, and improve the ability of workers to bargain collectively. In June media outlets reported that a fight between two rival groups of inmates left six inmates dead and nine wounded at a prison in Villahermosa, Tabasco. In July the Supreme Court ruled that authorities at all levels must investigate enforced disappearances, search for disappeared persons, and inform victims of the process. The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) issued a news release on November 5, 2021 announcing the 14 laboratories in its Crime Laboratory Division have been recognized as implementers of the standards on the OSAC Registry. Authorities generally apprehended persons with warrants based on evidence and issued by a judge, although this was . NGOs reported no changes in the mental health system to create community services or any efforts by authorities to have independent experts monitor human rights abuses in psychiatric institutions. The government increased the CNB budget 8 percent over the 2020 budget. The National Guard, which began operations in 2019, is a civilian institution reporting to the Secretariat of Public Security and Civil Protection. Femicide is a federal offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison. Across the criminal justice system, many actors lacked the necessary training and capacity to carry out their duties fairly and consistently in line with the principle of equal justice. In March authorities in Mexico City opened an investigation based on allegations of rape against Andres Roemer, a prominent writer, producer, consular officer, and former UNESCO goodwill ambassador. In July 2020 the CNB launched a public version of the National Registry of Disappeared and Missing Persons. Yet, the 2022 outlook for both the rule of law and public safety in Mexico and meaningful U.S.-Mexico security cooperation remains bleak. VFelbabBrown. Organized criminal groups dominated migrant smuggling operations and often kidnapped, threatened, and extorted migrants to pay a fee for facilitating northbound travel. Government Human Rights Bodies: The CNDH is a semiautonomous federal agency created by the government and funded by the legislature to monitor and act on human rights abuses. Some areas of Mexico have increased risk of crime and kidnapping. Additionally, the INE introduced quotas to promote minority representation, requiring political parties to nominate a certain number of candidates belonging to minority groups, including from indigenous, Afro-Mexican, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) communities, as well as persons with disabilities. Federal government funding for womens shelters for the year was the same as in 2020. lion fight muay thai salary. osac crime and safety report: mexico Submit a Comment girl guides world centres activities. They often experienced racism and discrimination and were frequently victims of violence. Three states have state-level IDP laws, but the country does not have a federal internal displacement law, which created challenges in resource allocation and interagency governmental coordination. The law mandates that all discrimination cases, including sexual harassment, bypass formerly mandatory conciliation and proceed directly to the labor courts. Disappearances remained a persistent problem throughout the country, especially in areas with high levels of cartel or gang-related violence. An Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation study on the use of contraceptives in Chiapas (the poorest state) found that older women were less likely to use family planning methods (13 percent of women ages 35 and older, versus 18 percent of women ages 20-34), while 23 percent of indigenous women opposed birth control for religious, cultural, or social reasons. According to the victims mother, police detained and interrogated him without reasonable suspicion or probable cause. Wage and Hour Laws: The tripartite National Minimum Wage Commission is responsible for establishing minimum salaries. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. The reforms provide workers with the right to freely elect union representatives and approve or reject collective bargaining agreements through a secret ballot process before they are registered. Indigenous persons generally had limited access to health care and education services. As of July the CNB reported that there were 89,572 missing or disappeared persons in the country. 2021 105W 100W 95W 90W 85W 80W 75W 70W 65W 60W 55W 50W 45W 40W 35W 30W N N !\ . Informal workers were in every sector of the economy, with agriculture as the sector with the greatest number of informal workers. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. Flores received temporary protection from the Interior Secretariat protection mechanism. According to civil society, libel and defamation proceedings tripled from 11 cases in 2019 to 33 cases in 2020. On June 6, authorities arrested former Nayarit governor Roberto Sandoval and his daughter Lidy Alejandra Sandoval Lopez for corruption and money laundering. In 2019 legislators passed a constitutional reform recognizing Afro-Mexicans as an ethnic group. In 2019 the Prosecutor Generals Office opened a corruption investigation against Lozoya for receiving up to $10 million in bribes from the Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht. This was in a street in Coyoacan, which . The COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).The virus was confirmed to have reached Guinea-Bissau in March 2020.. Guinea-Bissau reported their first two cases of COVID-19 on March 24, 2020. Journalists could criticize the government and discuss matters of general interest with no restrictions. As published in The Yucatan Times, OSAC . In 2019, OSAC gave Mexico a level 2 rating ,. Be mindful of Cuban laws and regulations during your stay. See the Department of States Annual Report on International Parental Child Abduction at https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases. In June the government amended the General Law on Womens Access to a Life Free of Violence to include media and digital violence as a form of violence against women. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. Calls included reports of relationship aggression, sexual assault, sexual harassment, rape, and intrafamily violence. The CABs operate under a tripartite system with government, worker, and employer representatives, with worker representation on the CABs selected based on majority representation, which was held by entrenched nondemocratic unions that sign protection contracts with complicit employers to secure low wages. Federal law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. Access to Asylum: Federal law provides for granting asylum, refugee status, or complementary protection to those fleeing persecution or facing possible threats to their life, security, or liberty in their country of origin; this right was generally respected. Many workers were compelled into forced labor through debt bondage, threats of violence, and nonpayment of wages by recruiters and employers. The CNDHs 2020 National Diagnostic of Penitentiary Supervision reported that state prisons were understaffed and suffered from poor sanitary conditions as well as a lack of separation between those sentenced and those awaiting trial. Zeron led the investigation of the case by the former criminal investigations unit in the Attorney Generals Office at the time of the students disappearances. The government deployed hundreds of security forces to contain the caravan. By law government health providers are obliged to offer sexual and reproductive emergency health services for survivors of sexual violence within 120 hours of the sexual assault. A 2019 constitutional reform increased the number of crimes for which pretrial detention is mandatory and bail is not available, including armed robbery, electoral crimes, fuel theft, and weapons possession. Between August 23 and August 27, hundreds of migrants from Haiti, Cuba, and Central America protested in front of the National Migration Institute offices in Tapachula, Chiapas, to demand expedited refugee proceedings that would allow them to move freely throughout the country. As of July, 94 percent of active unions under federal jurisdiction had registered their amended statutes with the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare (STPS), but only 39 percent of active unions under local jurisdiction had registered their amendments with the CABs. The 45,000-person Jewish community experienced low levels of anti-Semitism. According to the Mexican Statistical Agency (INEGI) in Mexico there were a total of 36,773 homicides in 2020, according to the SESNSP there were a total of 34,555 murders that same year. OSAC has developed into an enormously successful joint venture, with U.S. companies and organizations receiving the tools they need to cope with security issues in a . That means the homicide crime rate was 29 per 100,000 in 2020. On August 7, Yucatan governor Mauricio Villa announced the arrest of four police officers, but on August 14, a judge set them free due to a lack of evidence. There were accusations of sexual abuse against authorities during arrest and detention. Between 2017 and August the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Crimes against Journalists, a unit in the Prosecutor Generals Office, charged 136 public servants for crimes against journalists. In May in Chicoloapan, state of Mexico, municipal police beat and detained supporters of feminist groups as they led a protest against gender-based violence and political parties. According to the U.N., the murder rate is 4.6 per 100,000 people, which is one of the lowest in the Caribbean and South America. In July 2020 he was arrested in another country pursuant to a Mexican extradition request on charges that he diverted millions of dollars in public funds. According to labor rights NGOs, employers in all sectors sometimes used the illegal hours bank approach requiring long hours when the workload is heavy and cutting down hours when it is light to avoid compensating workers for overtime. On August 3, Ravelo died from his injuries. As of June, 58 percent of women in federal prison and 51 percent in municipal and state prisons were in pretrial detention, while 42 percent of men in the federal and local judicial system were in pretrial detention, according to a report from the Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection. High levels of impunity, including for killings or attacks on journalists, resulted in self-censorship and reduced freedom of expression and the press. There were reports of journalists practicing self-censorship due to threats from criminal groups and government officials. Government officials stated that the harassment of Catholic priests and evangelical Protestant pastors reflected high levels of generalized violence throughout the country and not targeted attacks based on religious faith. . Due to low internet penetration and television ownership in indigenous communities, distance learning was often inaccessible. The Interior Secretariat reaffirmed its commitment to protect refugee applicants even as the country experienced an unprecedented number of applicants. The government continued to pursue the extradition of Tomas Zeron from Israel. In July the CNB reported it had recovered more than 1,100 pounds of charred human remains from La Bartolina, Tamaulipas, a clandestine cremation site found in 2017. Sexual Harassment: Federal law prohibits sexual harassment and provides for fines from 250 to 5,000 times the minimum daily wage, but the law was not effectively enforced. This represented an increase of 11 percent of children from the 2017 INEGI survey. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights, Section 6. The group reported 16 acts of aggression against female journalists between January and July and called on the Puebla governor to guarantee the adoption of public policies to respect, protect, and guarantee the exercise of journalism. According to the U.N., the murder rate is 4.6 per 100,000 people, which is one of the lowest in the Caribbean and South America. In 2016, the most recent data available, INEGI reported that 44 percent of persons working in agriculture were day laborers. While on average informal workers earned less than the minimum wage, in some areas, such as near the northern border, informal employment could pay more than formal employment in the manufacturing sector. State governments reported investigating 12 suspected forced labor cases in 2020. Abuses of time limits on pretrial detention were endemic in state judicial systems. Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador of the MORENA party coalition won the presidential election in generally free and fair multiparty elections in 2018. The CNDH did not report on the merits of the complaints. Womens rights activists supported the law as critical to combat the increasingly prevalent problem of online sexual harassment. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. Not all public defenders were qualified, however, and often the state public defender system was understaffed. Arbitrary Arrest: Allegations of arbitrary detentions persisted throughout the year. The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, returning refugees, or asylum seekers, as well as other persons of concern. Media monopolies, especially in small markets, at times constrained freedom of expression. Barriers to accessing contraceptives stemmed from lack of knowledge, poverty, lack of access to health services, and sexual violence from family members, strangers, or friends. The law requires the Secretariat of Health to promote the creation of long-term institutions for persons with disabilities in distress, and the Secretariat of Social Development must establish specialized institutions to care for, protect, and house poor, neglected, or marginalized persons with disabilities. If the relevant authority accepts a CNDH recommendation, the CNDH is required to follow up with the authority to verify that it is carrying out the recommendation. In August 2020 attackers fired multiple shots at the building housing the printing facilities of El Diario de Iguala. Institutionalized persons with disabilities often lacked adequate medical care and rehabilitation services, privacy, and clothing; they often ate, slept, and bathed in unhygienic conditions. The council comprises of 34 representatives from companies, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies concerned with overseas security. As of September authorities made no arrests regarding the 2020 killing of prominent indigenous and environmental rights defender Homero Gomez. Penalties for law violations regarding hours and minimum wage were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. In 2016 all civilian and military courts officially transitioned from an inquisitorial legal system based primarily upon judicial review of written documents to an accusatorial trial system reliant upon oral testimony presented in open court. Government failures to investigate and prosecute attacks on protesters and human rights defenders resulted in impunity for these crimes, consistent with high impunity rates for all crimes. The midterm elections, the largest in the countrys history due to the record number of more than 20,000 offices up for election, had a 52 percent turnout, a record for a nonpresidential election. The NGO Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights identified 15 incidents between January and July of mass forced internal displacement (defined as the displacement of at least 10 families or 50 individuals) due to violence. osac crime and safety report honduras. In October 2020 authorities announced they would release Brenda Quevedo Cruz, who had been in prison without trial since 2007. See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. Emergency contraception was available, including for survivors of sexual assault. In February authorities arrested 12 state police officers in Camargo, Tamaulipas, on homicide charges in connection with the massacre and burning of the bodies of three smugglers and 16 Guatemalan migrants en route to the United States. Social programs to combat child labor did not address all sectors where child labor occurred. According to multiple NGOs, due to COVID-19s impact on the economy, funding sources for womens shelters, including for indigenous women, were insufficient. The law prohibits the worst forms of child labor. With a constituency of 4,600 U.S. companies and other organizations with . State labor inspectors, however, reported finding evidence of child labor, particularly in agricultural establishments. Gomez had advocated against illegal logging and the destruction of the Michoacan monarch butterfly habitat. According to NGO Article 19, lethal attacks occurred against journalists in Sonora, including the killings of Benjamin Morales on May 3 and Ricardo Lopez Dominguez on July 22 and the disappearance of Jorge Molontzin on March 16. Voting centers for federal elections were generally accessible for persons with disabilities, and ballots were available with a braille overlay for federal elections in Mexico City, but these services were inconsistently available for local elections elsewhere in the country. osac mexico 2021 crime and safety report. Penalties were commensurate with other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Section 1. TYT.-. Municipal candidates and challengers seeking to oust incumbents were the most common victims of political violence, with victims spread across the political spectrum. Underage children in urban areas earned money by begging, washing windshields, selling small items, or performing in public places. With a judges consent, children may marry at younger ages. Outsourcing practices made it difficult for workers to identify their legally registered employer, thus limiting their ability to seek redress of labor grievances. Hundreds of thousands of workers continued to work in foreign-owned factories, mainly in northern border states, producing electronics, medical equipment, and auto parts. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and family members of disappeared persons alleged the prosecutors undercounted the actual number of cases. A Mexico City municipal law provides increased penalties for hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity. From January to August the Mexican Commission to Assist Refugees (COMAR) received 77,559 applications for refugee status, a 41 percent increase from the same period in 2019, and anticipated that it would receive up to 120,000 applications in total by the end of the year. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. This decision prevented a protection union from attempting to stop the strike by filing a challenge to the Mineros Unions control of the existing collective bargaining agreement at the San Martin mine in Sombrerete, Zacatecas. Nevertheless, only 2 percent of schoolteachers in the country were trained to teach children with disabilities, according to the civil society organization Yo Tambien. There were high rates of impunity for these crimes, consistent with high impunity rates for all crimes. State-level prosecutors reported investigating at least 199 cases involving child trafficking victims in 2020. In June a federal judge sentenced Juan Francisco Picos Barrueto to 32 years in prison for the 2017 murder of journalist Javier Valdez Cardenas. Penalties for violations of the law were commensurate with those for other similar laws. As of August 16, authorities had not arrested any suspects. Unprecedented numbers of migrants arriving at the countrys southern border and requesting refugee status stretched the refugee agencys capacity to process requests. According to the Center for Economic Research and Teaching, most criminal suspects did not receive representation until after their first custody hearing, thus making individuals vulnerable to coercion to sign false statements prior to appearing before a judge. The Federal Center, however, estimated that only 10 to 15 percent of those collective bargaining agreements would undergo a legitimization vote because the worksite where the agreement was valid had closed, the work for which the agreement was negotiated had concluded, or the contract was a protection contract held by a nonrepresentative union. Penalties ranged from monetary fines to the cancellation of candidacies. The law establishes a requirement to observe parity in the designation of public officials at every level (federal, state, local) in all three branches of government. The law requires children younger than 18 to complete compulsory basic education and to have a medical certificate to work. Contents1 Where does Cuba rank in [] This one-hour panel will be a can't miss discussion on lessons-learned stemming from remarkable on-the-ground stories. The rate of aggression against political figures during the election cycle was on par with the 2018 election, one of the most violent political periods in recent history. On June 19, a dispute between factions of the Gulf cartel killed 15 persons in the state of Tamaulipas. The Prosecutor Generals Office owned a previous genetics database, which consisted of 63,000 profiles, and was responsible for the new database. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Aggregate 360 score of 2.59, leadership index at 74, and eNPS of 70 demonstrate his . As of November authorities held Emilio Lozoya in pretrial detention. 08/25/20 (written by aahrensvquez)-Justice in Mexico released its latest working paper "Organized Crime and Violence in Guanajuato" by Laura Y. Caldern on Thursday. Most internal affairs units, however, were insufficiently staffed and funded. There were reports of security forces using excessive force against demonstrators. The new wage applied to all sectors and allowed an earner to reach or exceed the poverty line. Media outlets reported authorities tortured and sexually abused Ravelo. Observers from grassroots labor rights groups, international NGOs, and multinational apparel brands reported that employers in export-oriented supply chains increasingly used hiring methods that lessened job security. Through a broad, encompassing survey of key data and statistics, Justice in Mexico's 2021 Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico report seeks to shed further light on the complex trends and patterns influencing the overall trajectory of Mexico's security situation. In Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, and Yucatan, the crimes of defamation and libel are prosecuted, with penalties ranging from three days to five years in prison and fines for committing defamation or slander, both considered crimes against honor. Slander is punishable under the criminal laws of the states of Campeche, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Yucatan, and Zacatecas, with sentences ranging from three months to six years in prison and fines. Most National Guard personnel are seconded from the army and navy and have the option to return to their services after five years. State and municipal laws addressing domestic violence largely failed to meet the required federal standards and often were unenforced. honduras crime and gov / Reports / report.cfm ? Reproductive Rights: There were no confirmed reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities. Efforts focused on implementation of the 2019 labor law reform that transformed the labor justice system. On October 1, a judge sentenced Fidel Figueroa, mayor of Zacualpan, state of Mexico, to 236 years in prison for murder. Members of the Mayan community in Campeche reported the National Tourism Board pressured them to cease protesting and agree to leave their lands. According to the Mexican Social Security Institute, as a result of the law 2.7 million workers of the 4.6 million subcontractors moved from formal subcontracting status to a formal direct employment status. Cartel killed 15 persons in the fields judge, although this was in a street Coyoacan! 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