Kuglar, Richard. The idea is to plan sufficiently enough to reduce the chaos and uncertainty and destroy the enemies will to fight encouraged by the commanders ability to organize mission command through its seven principles. An Afghan warlord named Zia Lodin is one of the main leaders of the Afghan allies that are fighting against, and have been fighting the Taliban for decades. Operation Anaconda Command Structure. The success of the operation was mainly due to the commanders recognizing and acting on the information received (Fleri, Howard, Hukill, & Searle, 2003). [28] Also, the quick-reaction soldiers reported fighters wearing Robert's gear and finding "a helmet with a bullet hole in it, [from which] it was clear the last person [Roberts] to wear it had been shot in the head. One team would move to the peak of Takur Ghar, which commanded the southern approach to the Shahi-Kot valley. The TF 11 element assigned to the mission included SEAL operators from DEVGRU (commanded by the SEAL who led the Mako 30 mission on Takur Ghar) and attached British SBS operators, with a mixed force of Rangers as back up. Introduction Begun and completed in 2002, operation Anaconda became the largest operation held in Afghanistan under United States' tactical management. Hyder saw the need to assist Mako 21 who at that time had two dead and two injured, one of them non-ambulatory. The primary fire support for the troops was provided by two McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apaches of the 3rd Battalion, 101st Aviation Regiment, 159th Aviation Brigade ("Eagle Attack"). The team came under immediate fire, and Air Force combat controller Technical Sergeant John A. Chapman was seriously injured, along with two Navy SEALs. With the help of the new arrivals and close air support, the force was able to consolidate its position on the peak. Operation Anaconda was one of the largest-scale operations conducted by the US-led international coalition against the forces of al-Qaeda and Taliban. Mission command philosophy is guided by six principles. Anaconda was a military operation carried out by an international coalition led by the United States of America against the forces of the terrorist organization al Qaeda in Afghanistan in March 2002. At around 20:00, the quick-reaction force and Mako 30/21 were exfiltrated from the Takur Ghar peak. Not a Good Day to Die, Berkley Reprint, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 01:20. This lack of air support demoralized the Afghans and frustrated the special forces. The planning process lacked commander's intent, understanding, and mutual trust. a letter of orders from General Grant to General Sherman. "Not a Good Day to Die" Penguin Group (New York), 2014: Holmes, Tony. The SEAL fire team, Mako 30, was picked up by an MH-47 Chinook helicopter, at 23:23 on 3 March. Competence is gained by knowledge and experience. The operation Anaconda demonstrates how each of the functions was used to support each other in order to accomplish the mission. Competence is critical not only for the commander but for the Soldiers subordinate to the commander. Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces. Mako 30 and Lt. Cmdr. The AC-130 was then directed to attack the large groupings of enemy combatants currently exposed on top of the mountain, one to three minutes before the Mako 30 was scheduled to arrive. The rockets would automatically detonate at 920 meters, catching helicopters in flak bursts (a tactic learned in the Soviet-Afghan War). [6] The final plan foresaw two major forces: TF Hammer and TF Anvil. As the Rangers and special tactics team exited the aircraft, Private First Class Matt Commons, posthumously promoted to Corporal, Sergeant Brad Crose, and Specialist Marc Anderson were killed. This operation included joint efforts by Special Operations and multinational partners who worked together in the Shahi Kot Valley in Afghanistan in March 2002 (Isherwood, 2007). SOF teams from Task Force K-Bar and Task Force 64 also inserted into the valley to establish observation posts which according to US planners "had to be tenable, afford good reconnaissance, and cover the identified escape routes or 'rat lines' into Pakistan"[19], Near H-Hour, Mako 31 found a group of foreign fighters that had established a position and were manning a DShK HMG on the peak where they planned to set up an observation post. (2005). Executive Director Global Commercial Operations Amgen. He realized he would not return home to see his son. Razor 02, which had been diverted to Gardez as Razor 01 was landing on Takur Ghar, returned with the rest of the quick-reaction force and Lieutenant Commander Hyder at 06:25. Facing decisive action is a common theme of military service and it leads into the next two and final principles of mission command; discipline initiative and risk acceptance. The mission order briefs the why, who, what, where, when of the mission, but not necessarily how. [22], The troops of the 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment in the southern landing zones (LZs) faced the heaviest fighting. By July the tactical-level units from the 10th Mountain Division and the 101st Airborne Division, including TF Rakkasan, had all All work is written to order. Since the battle of Tora Bora in 2001, OA was the first large scale battle in Afghanistan. The first shots rung out the infantry took up security positions around the HLZ as the Chinooks lifted off and departed. The terrorists appeared surprised and did not fire on the Chinooks, its possible that they were distracted by TF Hammer's advance or the ineffective communication between the foreign fighters themselves. Forces flattening entire villages during Operation Anaconda: 'Let's go, free to pillage' (). It was obvious from this viewpoint that the proximity of friendly forces to the enemy positions was preventing sufficient suppressive firepower from being used due to danger close distance to both Mako 30 and QRF chalk 1. Purchase the answer to view it. From this concept, the philosophy of the seven principles of mission command has become discovered. Task Force 64: 1 Squadron, Australian Special Air Service Regiment. Using his family's connections in the region Nasrullah Mansoor's son, Saif-ur-Rehman Mansoor, became the leading Taliban commander of Zurmat District in Paktia Province by 2002. While air force jets provided suppressive fire on the mountain top with individual gun runs since Mako 30 was less than 100 metres (110yd) north of the peak and Chalk 1 with its downed MH-47 was less than 100 m south of the peak. Osprey Publishing, 2004. These tasks are mutually supporting in that the commander tasks drives the operations process, develops teams, and informs and influences audiences inside and outside their organizations. In the late evening of 3 March, Lieutenant Colonel Pete Blaber received notice from Brigadier General Gregory Trebon, commander of TF 11, that two SEAL fire teams commanded by Lieutenant Commander Vic Hyder were to be inserted into the Shahi-Kot Valley. Furthermore, they had no command over the Special Operation Forces (SOF). The SEAL team Mako 30, regrouped and was ferried by nearby units to a CH-47 to go back to Takur Ghar and search for Roberts. The commanders intent for OA was clear and concise. It was a complex operation set in a place and against an enemy that Americans have struggled . An Anaconda is a snake that squeezes and suffocates it's victim. A former KSK commander is quoted in the German magazine Stern to have said: 'The pictures of Abu Ghraib, the torture in Iraqi prison camps, did absolutely not surprise me.'[36]. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your analysis. Naturally, an individual or group disagrees with the ideology of the invasive force and now the prospect of war is introduced into the equation. https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Features/Story/Article/1736210/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-master-chief-britt-slabinski/. Regardless of mitigation, some risk remains and all from the highest commander to the Soldier in the operational environment understands and accepts the risk. Ropel was later awarded the Bronze Star Medal with a Valor device for his actions. Once dismissed as representative of narrative closure and bourgeois ideology, realism has made a remarkable comeback in recent years as a predominant trend in world cinema and television productions, as well as a topical line of enquiry in audiovisual theory. Americans remained in the battle trusting in each others will to fight, morale, confidence, and the warrior ethos among them. The battle can be analyzed from the point of view of mission command principles, such as mutual trust, competence, shared understanding, and clearance of the commander's intent . US and Afghan sources believe at least 200 Taliban and Al Qaida fighters were killed during the initial assault and subsequent rescue mission. Salvation came after dark in the form of an AC-130U Spooky gunship that unlike the faster-moving jets during the day, was able to loiter over the area and provide sustained firepower so the men could be airlifted out under cover of darkness; the group suffered 35 wounded (two chalks of which were casevaced by PaveHawk CSAR choppers) and none killed.[25]. The inherent will to survive and promote or impose ideas on the will of others will always carry with it the possibility of war. Mission commanders are trained with methods to analyze risk factors to mitigate them. The U.S determination of destroying the Taliban supporters and the Al Qaeda organization was greatly achieved in October 2001. A public declaration from such an esteemed figure commemorates the competence attributed to American forces. Ropel was able to kill the enemy observer calling mortar fire into the "Halfpipe," and he and his squad could now see the surrounding terrain. Blaber was notified that the SEALs were forced to insert on the peak in order to fulfill the order to infil Mako 30 that night. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Because of this, the exercise of the disciplined initiative is accomplished and gives subordinates the confidence to apply their judgment in ambiguous situations because everyone at every level knows the missions purpose, key tasks, and desired end state. General Sherman replies to General Grant his understanding and purpose of the orders. Then analyze the Operation using the 7 Principles of Mission Command: competence, mutual trust, shared understanding, commander's intent, mission orders, discipline initiative, and risk acceptance. The road was in poor condition and difficulties ensued. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. The surviving crew and quick-reaction force took cover in a hillock and a fierce firefight began. At approximately 06:10, Razor 01 reached the landing zone. Page 352: Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Learn how and when to remove this template message, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, record for the longest combat kill by a sniper, "Uzbek Militancy in Pakistan's Tribal Region", "Taliban celebrates 2002 battle in which it defended Al Qaeda", "Report: Friendly fire killed U.S. soldier", "Seymour Hersh's alternative history of Bush's war", The U.S. Army in Afghanistan Operation ENDURING FREEDOM October 2001 - March 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20040728014146/http://www.stripesonline.com/, BBC News: Al Qaeda 'executed US serviceman', Strategypage interview of Col. Wiercinski, Executive Summary of the Battle of Takur Ghar (pdf), VFW Magazine: Valor in the Face of the Enemy - Air Force Cross awarded to Senior Airman Jason Dean Cunningham and Tech. The mission command warfighting function enables the commander to execute the principles of mission command philosophy. Previously stated; the commanders intent does not emphasize the why of the mission, but the mission order does. Operation Anaconda remains one of the most significant operations in Operating Enduring Freedom. The U.S. forces, however, exercised disciplined initiative by adapting to the situation and taking action when the unforeseen threats presented themselves. This operation aimed at removing Taliban and al Qaeda forces located in this valley. Mainly due to the multi-head command structure and the lack of time to define correct approaches to solving problems that may be encountered. b. This article examines some medical issues that were experienced by the Raider Rakkasans of the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division during Operation Anaconda in . But the risk was worth the effort to save his teammate and complete his mission. [14] TF Anvil consisted of TF Rakkasan and the 1-87 to set up blocking positions and prevent enemy forces from escaping. During shared experiences, the two-way communication and interaction between the commander, subordinates, and Soldiers reinforces trust. This was due to a bomb getting stuck in the launch bay of the B-1B that was on its bomb run. At the end of the first day of battle when the Troops returned to base for inspections; they realized that all of them had been hit by multiple enemy bullets (p. 15). [8] Malawi Nasrullah Mansoor later joined the Taliban, becoming governor of Paktia Province before being killed in a battle with a rival warlord. Significantly, the commanders intent should not be a repetition of why the mission is occurring, but a broader clear, and concise general purpose of the concept of the mission. John Chapman, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Anaconda&oldid=1125068720, Coalition victory, Taliban evacuates and suffers heavy casualties. The army's accomplishments and faults that were experienced in terms of the preparation and execution were fully counted by the US army. He called in another helicopter and led the rest of his teammates back up the mountain where he was convinced in his mind he would not return home from this rescue attempt. (LogOut/ To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Operation Anaconda was a military operation that took place in early March 2002 as part of the War in Afghanistan. The men on the floor of the valley then picked up and began to patrol north again moving another 50 or so meters when an RPG was fired off a low foothill to the east. Effective mission command can generally be analyzed according to the six principles outlined in ADRP 6-0. The helicopter crash-landed shortly after. Provide transitional sentences from one topic to the next. Second, there is an insistence, reinforced by information technology, for high-ranking commanders to try to impose their . Operation Anaconda. Another team codenamed India, composed of three Delta operators and an attached ISA operator walked into the valley through the same conditions to a hide in the southwest of the valley, known as the "Fish Hook". One of Slabinskis SEAL teammates Petty Officer 1st Class Neil Roberts fell from the helicopter onto the top of the enemy-infested mountain. Operation Anaconda lacked unityThe United States Air Force, USAF, was recognized on 18 September 1947. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. The commanders intent becomes the foundation that Soldiers should base their decisions on. Several soldiers were injured after their jingle trucks overturned, the commanders ordered the trucks to use their headlights, destroying any element of surprise. This operation provided many examples of how the principles of mission command are interwoven into the capability to conduct unified land operations. "The Mission the Men and Me: Lessons from a Former Delta Force Commander" US Army Colonel, Retired 2006. [citation needed] Though the change may have been meant to enhance direct control of the rescue of the downed SEAL atop Takur Ghar, it had the critical effect of severely limiting communications between the different teams participating in the battle. Osprey Publishing, 2005. The goal of shared understanding is that commanders, staffs, and unified action partners will possess a shared understanding of their operational environment, the operations purpose, problems, and approaches to solving them. Once a war is initiated it is plagued by violence, death, chaos, confusion, complexity, disorder, and uncertainty. If the DShK was not disabled before then it could shootdown Chinooks carrying the conventional forces, the SEALs planned to ambush the enemy in the pre-dawn darkness before the Rakkasans flew into the valley. View all posts by Yskander Arquimides Saucedo. The expectation was that fighters, as in the case of Tora Bora several months earlier, would flee in the face of an assault and that blocker groups would simply be able to round them up.[11]. Because of this, the Razor 01 flew into the same enemy trap that the SEALs had flown into, with no one able to communicate the reality of the situation. The battle and Mansoor (who was killed in 2008) were eulogized by the Taliban's official website, Voice of Jihad, on 7 March 2021.[9]. CTF 82's headquarters was at Bagram Airfield, and Vines based TF Panther, his primary maneuver element, at the Kandahar Airfield. Razor 03 attempted to return and retrieve him, but the damage prevented proper control and the helicopter was forced to crash-land in the valley below, approximately 4 miles away. However they were spotted by an Uzbek insurgent and a brief firefight ensued, killing 5 out of 7 foreign fighters, as another insurgent joined the firefight by firing a PKM, the team broke contact and brought in an AC-130 which destroyed the enemy encampment with 105mm rounds.[20]. Command and control of combat land operations become a critical role of the commander. [3] By this day, following heavy bombing by U.S. strike fighter aircraft, joint U.S. and Afghan forces swept through the valley and cleared it of remaining rebel forces, with little significant combat by 18 March. The risk acceptance principle is obvious in Slabinskis circumstance. Operation Anaconda not have had an ideal start, but after a few days and some recalibration, the tide turned for the better. c. Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan - A Case Study of Adaptation in Battle. The entire process has taught the involved parties on how to conduct a joint operation effectively. Mission orders are the guide by which tasks are assigned, resources are allocated and guidance is issued. The commander took these factors into consideration because he judged that the deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss would be worth the cost, this is a prudent risk. The insurgents used their ZPU-1 antiaircraft guns, DSHK and small arms fire against the attack helicopters supporting the Rakkasans. U.S. forces had estimated the strength of the rebels in the Shahi-Kot Valley at 150 to 200, but later information suggested the actual strength was of 500 to 1,000 fighters. Intelligence assessments for Operation Anaconda presented the scenario that the coming battle would be fought with light arms and would last no more than three days, instead, it lasted seven days with intense combat and terminated after seventeen days. This operation was the first large-scale battle in the US war in Afghanistan since the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001. A Predator UAV had the convoy under surveillance, showing 3 SUVs, a pickup truck and a large security element of gunman. Operations planning took place in February of 2002 and was executed from 2-16 March. A rocket-propelled grenade then hit the helicopter, destroying the right engine and forcing it to crash land. The MH-47Es carrying the SEALs caught up to their targets: the lead Chinook landed in front of the convoy; as the occupants leapt out of their vehicles, the door gunner hosed the vehicles down with his minigun, cutting down a number of al-Qaeda terrorists; the second Chinook overshot the column and raked it with minigun fire as it passed. This type of command structure inhibited the commanders on the ground to exercise disciplined initiative. Also, unfortunately, the pilot of the Razor 01 was not told about the enemy's anti-aircraft location on top of the mountain. This, plus the actions of the two SASR officers working with the 10th Mountain Division, earned the commander of the Australian SASR force in Afghanistan the US Bronze Star for his unit's outstanding contribution to the war on terrorism. The Taliban and al-Qaeda forces fired mortars and heavy machine guns from entrenched positions in the caves and ridges of the mountainous terrain at U.S. forces attempting to secure the area. A paper written by Col. Andrew Milani (Former commander of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment) and Dr. Stephen D. Biddle entitled "Pitfalls of Technology: A Case Study of the battle of Takur Ghar" noted that the Predator was on station 90 minutes after Roberts had fallen; the images that were shot before the Predator had arrived were shot by GRIM-32's Infrared Cameras. The Afghans had successfully defeated the Soviet Army twice in this valley, and were expecting events to pan out in a similar fashion. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your stance on the topic. The cause of the conflict is said to have been the complaint of some U.S. soldiers that the KSK soldiers had only changed their position when a shepherd stumbled into their hideout instead of killing him. (2019). This action earned him the Congressional Medal of Honor. At 03:45, the Ranger quick reaction force was alerted by the DCG to the area. With the recent long deployments of our military, a review of lessons learned becomes a vital part of mission success and helps to shape our forces for future conflicts. However, valuable lessons were learned from Operation Anaconda and utilized in future engagements. You are required to give an in depth introduction of your topic. In the wake of Operation Anaconda, relations between US and UK forces on the ground soured when Stars and Stripes, the magazine for American forces and their families, openly criticized the Royal Marines for returning "empty-handed" from their search for al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters claiming that Britain's contribution to the campaign was "disappointing. Instead of 150-200 fighters in the valley as expected, post assessment held that the area contained 750 to 1,000 terrorists dug in on the high ground around the valley. Mansoor fortified the valley, digging trench systems, building bunkers and firing positions into the ridgelines, many of which would be put to effect during the operation. Student's Name University Course Professor Date. [11] In this engagement, Staff Sergeant Andrzej Ropel, and Specialist William Geraci, recently transferred in from the Division's Long Range Surveillance Detachment, led the squad under fire to a ridgeline above the "Halfpipe." The Ranger quick-reaction force located at Bagram Air Base and led by Captain Nate Self, was called in to search for the SEAL who fell out of the helicopter, now alone on top of the mountain. Task Force K-Bar: ODAs from the 3rd SFG. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your stance on the topic. The Pashtun militia obviously failed to exercise disciplined initiative by failing to take action when unforeseen threats arose. use your time to develop a deep . The exercise of mission command assimilates mission command philosophy with mission command warfighting functions. For example, an idea forms in the mind and is stressed into action by the ambition of the human will and becomes motivated to assert its will over the will of another. Lang, Katie. The base of the Shah-i-Khot. 1,300 words on the Operation Anaconda Case Study. The mission command philosophy is executed through the mission command warfighting function, which basically consists of a series of mutually supporting tasks. And because there is also inherent goodness within the will of human endeavor, so is the attempt to minimize death and casualties. The quick reaction force (QRF) consisted of 19 Rangers, a Tactical Air Control Party (Tacp), and a three-man USAF special tactics team carried by two Chinooks, Razor 01 and Razor 02. Chapman was seen fighting in a bunker against multiple enemies before stepping into the open and braving enemy small arms fire one last time to allow the QRF helicopter a bit of breathing room.[6]. The seven principles of mission command are applicable in every combat scenario. The two SEAL fire teams, Mako 30 and Mako 21, planned to establish an observation point on either end of the valley. They were unable to get a clear answer from the officer they reached and also were unable to connect with the AFO teams. It was a joint mission between U.S. military branches, six other nations, and Afghans led by Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck. The Afghans suffered forty or more deaths and injuries. The signal intelligence also raised the possibility that high-value targets (HVTs) were present in the valley among which were Jalaluddin Haqqani and Saif Rahman. They infiltrated the area on foot via the southern edge of the valley to set up an observation post on a terrain feature known as 'The Finger.' Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan. Razor 04 returned to the peak in an attempt to rescue Roberts, offloading Mako 30. Operation Anaconda was a necessary evil. Operation Anaconda was an American-organized mission that involved the American soldiers who purposed to dig fighting positions in Afghanistan. As the CH-47 neared their return, the AC-130 radioed on the new satellite frequency for confirmation to fire. The final team was known as Mako 31 and was composed of three SEALs from DEVGRUs Recce Squadron, a USAF Combat Controller and a US Navy EOD operator. It is evident through the course of human events that war is an inherent endeavor revealed within our will to survive. OPERATION ANACONDA OVERVIEW What follows is a brief summary of the critical events that shaped the planning and conduct of Operation Anaconda, the final and largest battle in the initial invasion of Afghanistan after the attacks of September 11, 2001. 3 references, APA Format and original work The Apaches destroyed some enemy positions harassing the U.S. and Afghan troops, but the insurgents began intentionally firing their RPGs into the air. In his mind, as the mission commander of his team, he calculated the risk against him and his team. Policyowners can manage their policies and make premium, loan and rider payments on-line from the convenience of their computer, tablet or cell phones. The fighters were a mix of well equipped Uzbeks, Chechens, and Afghan Arabs. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. It was decided to use U.S. conventional infantry. Study for free with our range of university lectures! [9], In February 2002, a Special Forces intelligence analyst working for Task Force Bowie began to identify patterns that led him to believe that surviving al-Qaeda forces were massing in the Lower Shahikot Valley, some 60 miles south of Gardez. Also, it may serve as an ethical NCO practice if orders are absent; the commanders intent serves as a basis for taking initiative in the absence of orders. The way the operation was planned and executed highlighted the need for a paradigm shift in the way the U.S. conducted military operations. It is now accepted that the level of prudent risk has been maximally mitigated to ensure the greatest chance at success while minimalizing the chance for negative outcomes. Sgt. Trust comes from successful shared experiences and training, usually gained incidental to operations but also deliberately developed by the commander. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed analysis of the six principles of Mission Command and how they apply to Operation Anaconda. The objective of this essay is to demonstrate how the seven principles of mission command can be applied to the operational environment of the Operation of Anaconda. Connect with the AFO teams not told about the enemy 's anti-aircraft on! ' ( ) of how the principles of mission command can generally analyzed! Afghans led by major General Franklin L. 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