[76] Initially, recusant priests advised the laity to simply abstain from Protestant communion. [83], The persecution of 15811592 changed the nature of Roman Catholicism in England. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (Protestant) and her sister Mary I (Catholic). P-The Religious settlement was successful because there was much about it that was acceptable to most Catholics. However, under the rule of Elizabeth, she was given the title and position of the Supreme Governor of the Church in England. The Act of Supremacy also included the oath of loyalty to the queen. In response, a group of conformists including Richard Bancroft, John Bridges, Matthew Sutcliffe, Thomas Bilson, and Hadrian Saravia began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law. Elizabeths tolerant approach seemed to have worked on the whole, but it did not keep everyone happy and she faced numerous threats. She did not want to persecute them in the same way as her half sister Mary. [65], With the Queen's approval, Convocation also issued a second Book of Homilies with sermons on 20 topics. [29], The bill easily passed the House of Commons. BY DAVID ROSS, EDITOR. [35], The most significant revision was a change to the Communion Service that added the words for administering sacramental bread and wine from the 1549 prayer book to the words in the 1552 book. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered treason. The Elizabethan era ushered in an age of discovery, with merchants trading with the East, and explorers such as Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh circumnavigating the globe and establishing colonies in North America, respectively. The Act of Supremacy of 1559 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and conferred the title 'Supreme Governor of the Church of England' on Elizabeth; while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 . The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement. The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. England was divided between Protestants and Catholics. The introduction of this essay needs to clearly define the settlement as both the acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, and including the 39 Articles of Faith. It helped in establishing set rules for worship. Author: Created by HistoryTeacherToday. Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. This Act made Elizabeth who was the daughter of King Henry and Anne Boleyn a legal heir to his throne. While most people conformed, a minority of recusants remained loyal Roman Catholics. The 1662 prayer book mandated by the 1662 Act of Uniformity was a slightly revised version of the previous book. Religion in Elizabethan England. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. [27] Under this bill, the Pope's jurisdiction in England was once again abolished, and Elizabeth was to be Supreme Governor of the Church of England instead of supreme head. They were angry that Latin mass was banned, and many continued to hold this service with priests in secret. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 King James Version. [107], The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. "Of Common Prayer and Sacraments" taught that although only baptism and the Eucharist were sacraments instituted by Christ other rites such as ordination had a sacramental character. 10 May - an underground explosion at Markham Colliery, near Staveley, Derbyshire, kills 79. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. If you are thinking when was the Elizabethan settlement implemented, then the answer is in the summer of 1559. [56] Parish churches tended to have less music as Puritan influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. The fifth Parliament of King Henry VIII is known as the Reformation Parliament. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (, The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the, , but not a spiritual authority. Elizabeths tolerant approach seemed to have worked on the whole, but it did not keep everyone happy and she faced numerous threats. [64][pageneeded] In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as Puritans, who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. It was given statutory force by the Subscription Act, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement. The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. In 1533 this act was passed which stated that people could not question on the rule of Henry that was made above decisions and laws by public and church office and the realm of England is an Empire in itself. [47] Other provisions of the Royal Injunctions were out of step with the Edwardian Reformation and displayed the Queen's conservative preferences. The Pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of Supreme Head, it merely said she could adopt it herself. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology". Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood. [72] In the early years, some 300 Catholics fled, especially to the University of Louvain. The 1588 Marprelate Controversy led to the discovery of the presbyterian organisation that had been built up over the years. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the consecration. Few thought this was the rubric's meaning, however. Hope the above information on Elizabethan Settlement of 1559 has helped you understand more about The Revolution of 1559. History of the VEC, The Venerable English College. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/historyteacherContact me on twitter @thehistteach or email me homeworkhelp@thehistoryteacher.net How was the Elizabethan Settlement enforced? In 1559 she passed two laws: This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. The services included certain prayers for the queen and the priests were instructed about what to say in the sermons. They also believed that God had formed these social ranks and had showered blessings on each rank. I still have about a 98% chance that the first part off the machine is a good part! "[108] Laudianism, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. We were all brought up to be Christians of one sort or another. Becon engineering works has saved us thousands of dollars and will continue to save us money. Over the course of Elizabeths reign the English did several things that angered the Spanish. [59] The impressment of boys for service as singers in St. Paul's Cathedral and the royal chapel continued during this period. The Holy Communion was written in vague words, such that both the Catholics and Protestants could be a part of the religious meet. These included injunctions allowing processions to take place at Rogationtide and requirements that clergy receive permission to marry from the bishop and two justices of the peace. [10], Mary I, Elizabeth's half-sister, became queen in 1553. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. [20] Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the English Litany. This retained some Catholic traditions which Elizabeth hoped would make a good compromise and keep her people happy. Religion became a very divisive factor in peoples lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. You can go into more details about her reign in the Timeline of Queen Elizabeth the First. There was a great deal of religious conflict spreading through mainland Europe as Catholics and Protestants fought to establish their faith as the 'true' religion. [82] Afterwards, efforts to identify recusants and force them to conform increased. Anglicans started to define their Church as a via media or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and low church. [28], The alternative title was less offensive to Catholic members of Parliament, but this was unlikely to have been the only reason for the alteration. The latter problem was addressed by establishing seminaries to train and ordain English priests. "[14], Historians Patrick Collinson and Peter Lake argue that until 1630 the Church of England was shaped by a "Calvinist consensus". It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld royal assent. The Religious Settlement was an effort by. Failing to do so was a treasonable offence. [85] In England, however, Protestants were forced to operate within a church structure unchanged since medieval times with the same threefold orders of bishop, priest and deacon along with church courts that continued to use medieval canon law. Liza Picard takes a look at crime in Elizabethan England and describes the brutal punishments offenders received, from whipping and public humiliation to hanging and burning at the stake. [117] The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a via media "between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". Elizabeth's predicament. Again, thanks for a great product., 288, Gobind Mohalla, Haiderpur, Shalimarbagh, Delhi-110088. Perhaps searching can help. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. [40] There were also conflicting directions for the placement of the communion tables that were to replace stone altars. Keaton, Anna, "Elizabethan Church Settlement: An Examination" (2009).Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). ELIZABETH I TOPIC MAP (Knowledge Checklist) PDF Sheet to print for the game. However, it failed to make everyone happy. It also declared that half-sister of Elizabeth, Mary is now illegitimate and does not hold any succession to the throne. Henry was also given the title of Defender of Faith by the Pope. They were implemented in the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy of 1559. [106], The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop Lancelot Andrewes disagreed with many aspects of the Reformed tradition, especially its teaching on predestination. It is more accurate to call Whitgift and those like him conformists, since the word conservative carries connotations of Catholicism. Previously, we had to cut tooling board, then reprogram. [30] It encountered more opposition in the Lords than the Supremacy Act, passing by only three votes. James was himself a moderate Calvinist, and the Puritans hoped the King would move the English Church in the Scottish direction. From the Puritans and Calvinists, it "inherited a contradictory impulse to assert the supremacy of scripture and preaching". Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. This lesson examines the Elizabethan religious settlement. Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. The church later forgave the king and charged him with some penalty. what other Historians have argued. [33] The rubric provided instructions for clerical vestments, stating that until the Queen ordered otherwise ministers were to "use such ornaments as were in use by the authority of Parliament in the second year of the reign of King Edward VI". From the Arminians, it gained a theology of episcopacy and an appreciation for liturgy. However, by the 1580s relations between England and Roman Catholic Spain were moving towards open war. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. [52] Through the mid-1650s, there were an estimated 800 clergy who resigned or were deprived for refusal to conform. [31], The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. While affirming traditional Christian teaching as defined by the first four ecumenical councils, it tried to steer a middle way between Reformed and Lutheran doctrines while rejecting Anabaptist thinking. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. [14] He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from reformed Zurich. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - Challenge to the Religious Settlement, BBC Bitesize. After Elizabeth's death, the Puritans were challenged by a high church, Arminian party that gained power during the reign of Charles I. This is a really big issue for GCSE and you should be familiar with both the settlement and the consequences of it.If you like my content and would like to support me in getting better equipment and software and in having more time to create these videos please consider buying me a latte (3 sugars please!) Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy. [51], Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. My Cart 0 [28], The bill included permission to receive communion in two kinds. Elizabeth I's religious settlement, Royal Museums Greenwich. [15] At Westminster Abbeystill a Benedictine monasterythe Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing candles in procession, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) that brought the English Reformation to a conclusion. Test. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. This division began during the reign of her father, Henry VIII. The Act of Supremacy brought about in 1534, declared that Henry VIII as the absolute head of the church of England. This lesson refers to the Edexcel GCSE History textbook. The Elizabethan Act of Settlement was introduced to keep all religious groups satisfied, which seemed to be successful. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. Later, she decided that roods should be restored in parish churches. In effect, Elizabeth was declaring that she did not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation. What was the reaction of the Catholics to the Religious Settlement? Lesson 2 Try to focus on: Religion in Elizabethan England was a political matter because the Elizabethan state was unable for lack of resources, or unwilling for lack of conviction and commitment, to enforce the strict religious uniformity which was supposed to obtain. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. [115] It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters. What was the reaction of the Puritans to the Religious Settlement. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. What key changes to religion did the Religious Settlement introduce? The "Jacobean consensus" was shattered, and the Church of England began defining itself less broadly. [7] Christ's Real Presence in the Eucharist was no longer explained by the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation; instead, the 1552 Book of Common Prayer promoted the Reformed teaching of Christ's spiritual presence. Printable handouts full of fascinating details that give students an insight into the life and times of Shakespeare, cut up version designed for bottom set who can re-organise info, synthesis and present back to the class to demonstrate their understanding. Those who refused to attend Church of England services were called recusants. [81] In 1580, the first Jesuit priests came to England. This means all the clergy had to take this oath or lose their office. The early rule of Queen Elizabeth I - AQA, Challenges to the rule of Queen Elizabeth I - AQA, The Elizabethans - exam preparation - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died. All the prayer books of Edward VI were integrated into one book. If one did not attend the Church, they were fined 12 pence. Calvinists were divided between conformists and Puritans, who wanted to abolish what they considered papist abuses and replace episcopacy with a presbyterian church government. [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. The Church of Scotland was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the Book of Common Order. The Ordinal and Prayer Book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing communion under both kinds. Her father, Henry VIII, had done the same in his reign, but called himself the Head of the Church, so Elizabeths title as. Many became leaders of an underground Catholic Church. Elizabeth's accession to the throne in 1558 marked the beginning of Elizabethan England. [66], The settlement of 1559 had given Protestants control of the Church of England, but matters were different at the parish level, where Catholic priests and traditional laity held large majorities. After the Restoration in 1660, the Settlement was restored, and the Puritans were forced out of the Church of England. This lesson is based on a booklet and PPT helping students to understand different aspects of rivalry between England and Spain. This debacle occurred at the same time that Puritanism's most powerful defenders at Court were dying off. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered, There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford. This made Protestantism Englands official faith and also set out rules of religious practice and worship in a revised prayer book. The collected fine was to be donated to the poor and needy. [1] Under Elizabeth's half-brother, Edward VI, the Church of England became more explicitly Protestant, projecting a "restrained" Calvinism, in the words of historian Christopher Haigh. By 1568 Elizabeths new religious settlement had been in place for nearly a decade. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. [101], In response to Bridges' A Defence of the Government Established in the Church of England for Ecclesiastical Matters, an anonymous Puritan under the pseudonym Martin Marprelate published a series of tracts attacking leading conformist clergy. changes had left England in a state of religious instability, which Elizabeth needed to fix. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (, The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the, , but not a spiritual authority. At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal supremacy and the other about a Protestant liturgy. The early rule of Queen Elizabeth I - Edexcel, Elizabethan Religious Settlement - Edexcel, The Elizabethans - exam preparation - Edexcel, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). [53] The bishops thought that Catholicism was widespread among the old clergy, but priests were rarely removed because of a clergy shortage that began with an influenza epidemic in 1558. [75], Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. [80], By 1574, Catholic recusants had organised an underground Roman Catholic Church, distinct from the Church of England. Her sister, Mary, had made, the official religion of the country, but many of the people were, This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church, taking power away from the Catholic Pope in Rome. By Elizabeth's death, Roman Catholicism had become "the faith of a small sect", largely confined to gentry households. As the older generation of recusant priests died out, Roman Catholicism collapsed among the lower classes in the north, west and in Wales. Some indeed, both men and women, married native English people. Act of Uniformity. Think uniform you will remember what this Act did if you remember that it is about unifying religious practice. [43], Elizabeth chose Matthew Parker to replace Pole as Archbishop of Canterbury. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. Students will look in detail at: The situation upon Elizabeth's accession . [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. Crime and punishment in Elizabethan England - The British Library Elizabeths challenges when she came to the throne. She did, however, firmly believe that people should be allowed to practice the Catholic religion without fear so lo Revision Activities for Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) Key Topic 1: Queen, Government and Religion (1558-69) Elizabeth I - An Introduction. A typical Elizabethan manor. [4] The doctrines of purgatory, prayer for the dead and the intercession of saints were also rejected during this time. Now outside the established church, the different strands of the Puritan movement evolved into separate denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and Baptists. Unit - Oak National Academy Key Stage 4, History, Elizabeth I: Meeting the challenge, 1558-1588 all lessons unavailable Unfortunately all lessons in Key Stage 4 History are now unavailable. The papal bull Regnans in Excelsis released Elizabeth's Catholic subjects from any obligation to obey her. 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